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The Euler indicatrix : euler phi

euler (or phi) returns the Euler indicatrix for a integer.
euler(n) (or phi(n)) is equal to the number of integers less than n and prime with n.
Input :
euler(21)
Output :
12
In other words E={2,4,5,7,8,10,11,13,15,16,17,19} is the set of integers less than 21 and coprime with 21. There are 12 members in this set, hence Cardinal(E)=12.

Euler has introduced this function to generalize the little Fermat theorem:

If a and n are mutually prime then aeuler(n) = 1  mod n



giac documentation written by Renée De Graeve and Bernard Parisse