Claudia Miller Frobenius Powers of Complete Intersections Generalizing Kunz' characterization of regular local rings via flatness of the Frobenius endomorphism $\phi$, Peskine and Szpiro showed that, for a local ring $R$ of characteristic $p>0$, if an $R$-module $M$ has finite projective dimension, then ${\textrm{Tor}}_i(M,{}^{\phi^n}R)$ vanishes for all $i>0$ and all $n>0$, where ${}^{\phi^n}R$ denotes the ring R considered as a module over itself via the $n$th composition of the Frobenius map $\phi$. The converse was shown by Herzog, and various results have appeared since on how many $i$ and $n$ are really needed. We will talk about joint work with L.\ Avramov showing that if $R$ is a complete intersection ring, then the vanishing of just one ${\textrm{Tor}}_i(M,{}^{\phi^n}R)$ is needed to deduce that $M$ has finite projective dimension. We will also discuss the other result, comparing the growth of the Tors to that of the Betti numbers of $M$ when $M$ does not have finite projective dimension.