\RequirePackage{smfenum}
\RequirePackage[all,ps,cmtip]{xy}\def\labelstyle{\textstyle}
\RequirePackage{smfcs,xspace,verbatim,amssymb,amscd,url,graphicx}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\let\mathcal\mathscr
\numberwithin{paragraph}{part}
\def\theparagraph{\arabic{paragraph}}
\def\marginpars#1{\refstepcounter{paragraph}\textsuperscript{(\theparagraph)}\marginpar{\footnotesize\textsuperscript{(\theparagraph)}\,#1}}
\usepackage{lmodern}

\def\quote{\list{}%
      {\advance\leftmargin2\normalparindent
       \rightmargin\leftmargin
         \labelwidth\z@
         \itemindent\normalparindent}%
 \item[]}
\newenvironment{smallquote}{\backmatter\small\begin{quote}}{\end{quote}\mainmatter\par\normalsize}

\def\smf@volume{}
\def\smf@fascicule{}

\def\thesubsection{\thesection.\alph{subsection}}

%% TAILLE SAVOIRS ACTUELS %%
\textheight 18.7cm %21.5cm
\textwidth 11.5cm %13cm

\addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{.75cm}
\addtolength{\evensidemargin}{.75cm}
\addtolength{\topmargin}{.6cm}

\arraycolsep1.5pt
\def\loccit{\emph{loc\ptbl cit\@.}\xspace}
\def\cf{\text{cf.}\kern.3em}
\def\eg{\textit{e.g.}\kern.3em}
\def\ie{\text{i.e.}\kern.3em}
\def\resp{\text{resp.}\kern.3em}
\def\etc{\text{etc.}\xspace}
\let\setminus\smallsetminus
\let\moins\smallsetminus
\let\epsilon\varepsilon
\let\leq\leqslant\let\le\leqslant
\let\geq\geqslant\let\ge\geqslant
\let\hat\widehat
\let\bar\overline
\let\tilde\widetilde
\let\ov\overline
\let\wh\widehat
\let\wt\widetilde
\let\dpl\displaystyle
\let\emptyset\varnothing
\let\ldots\dots
\let\<\langle
\let\>\rangle
\let\skpt\skippointrait
\let\oldS\S
\def\S{\oldS\kern2pt}
\let\oldvee\vee
\def\vee{{\scriptscriptstyle\oldvee}}

\newcommand{\cbbullet}{{\raisebox{1pt}{$\bbullet$}}}
\let\oldbigcup\bigcup
\let\oldbigcap\bigcap
\let\oldcoprod\coprod
\let\oldbigoplus\bigoplus
\def\bigcup{\mathop{\textstyle\oldbigcup}\displaylimits}
\def\bigcap{\mathop{\textstyle\oldbigcap}\displaylimits}
\def\bigoplus{\mathop{\textstyle\oldbigoplus}\displaylimits}
\def\coprod{\mathop{\textstyle\oldcoprod}\displaylimits}
\def\ootimes{\mathop\otimes\displaylimits}

\def\sfrac#1#2{{#1}/{#2}}
\def\manualbibitems{%
  \let\oldbibitem\bibitem
  \def\bibitem##1{\oldbibitem[##1]{##1}}}

\let\ra\rightarrow
\def\to{\mathchoice{\longrightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}}
\def\from{\mathchoice{\longleftarrow}{\leftarrow}{\leftarrow}{\leftarrow}}
\def\mto{\mathchoice{\longmapsto}{\mapsto}{\mapsto}{\mapsto}}
\def\hto{\mathrel{\lhook\joinrel\to}}
\def\implique{\mathchoice{\Longrightarrow}{\Rightarrow}{\Rightarrow}{\Rightarrow}}
\def\ssi{\mathchoice{\Longleftrightarrow}{\Leftrightarrow}{\Leftrightarrow}{\Leftrightarrow}}

\def\To#1{\mathchoice{\xrightarrow{\textstyle\kern4pt#1\kern3pt}}{\stackrel{#1}{\longrightarrow}}{}{}}
\def\Mto#1{\mathrel{\mapstochar\To{#1}}}
\def\Hto#1{\mathrel{\lhook\joinrel\To{#1}}}
\def\From#1{\mathchoice{\xleftarrow{\textstyle~#1~}}{\stackrel{#1}{\longleftarrow}}{}{}}

\newenvironment{smallpmatrix}{\big(\begin{smallmatrix}}{\end{smallmatrix}\big)}

\newenvironment{enumeratei}
{\bgroup\def\theenumi{\roman{enumi}}\def\theenumii{\arabic{enumii}}\begin{enumerate}}
{\end{enumerate}\egroup}
\newenvironment{enumeratea}
{\bgroup\def\theenumi{\alph{enumi}}\begin{enumerate}}
{\end{enumerate}\egroup}

\let\AA\bbA
\let\QQ\bbQ
\let\ZZ\bbZ
\let\RR\bbR
\let\NN\bbN
\let\CC\bbC
\let\FF\bbF
\let\UU\bbU
\let\PP\bbP